Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, making it a significant public health concern, especially in areas with limited access to healthcare and poor living conditions. Symptoms of TB include persistent cough, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Diagnosis often involves a combination of imaging tests, laboratory tests, and skin or blood tests. Treatment typically involves a long course of antibiotics to kill the bacteria, with multi-drug therapy being common to prevent drug resistance. TB control programs, early detection, and proper treatment adherence are essential in reducing transmission rates and preventing the spread of drug-resistant strains.